Fig. 4

Expression of genes functional in NETosis is positively correlated with Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio in COVID-19. Gene expression data were extracted from [13]. (A) Each box represents a single sample (color-coded red for the patient with severe illness and blue for the patients with moderate illness). Dotted line represents baseline expression (average gene expression in healthy subjects). The samples from the severe case, especially the early time points, have higher expression (up-regulation) of NETosis genes compared to the cases with moderate illness. With passing days from the onset of COVID-19, gene expression tends to return to baseline. (B) Each bar represents neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in peripheral blood in that sample. NLR is increased at the early time points in severe illness. With passing days from the onset of COVID-19, NLR is reduced. Generally, there is agreement in the trend of NETosis gene expression and NLR in the patients of COVID-19 (correlation coefficient = 0.8)