Table 2 The sample information and mtDNA diversity. The total sample size (N) for each province and country is listed. The number of haplotypes (Hn), haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (π) were calculated based on the combined haplotypes of COI and COII. Two genetic groups were identified based on the COI and COII diversity from invaded populations. The genetic group A comprises Chile, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Turkey, and the USA. The genetic group B comprises Austria, Serbia, and Slovenia. The analysis was conducted for each population, the populations from each country and each genetic group. Asterisk (*) represents statistically significant difference (p < 0.02)
Country | Province | N | Hn | Hd | π | Fu’s Fs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
China | Anhui | 5 | 3 | 0.7 | 0.00102 | |
Beijing | 27 | 7 | 0.553 | 0.00113 | ||
Hainan | 7 | 5 | 0.857 | 0.00284 | ||
Hebei | 8 | 4 | 0.75 | 0.00225 | ||
Jiling | 3 | 2 | 0.667 | 0.00227 | ||
Shannxi | 31 | 9 | 0.751 | 0.00205 | ||
Shanxi | 8 | 2 | 0.429 | 0.00182 | ||
Guizhou | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | ||
Combined | 90 | 24 | 0.858 | 0.00327 | −7.852* | |
Japan | Akita | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0.0017 | |
Chiba | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0.0017 | ||
Gifu | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | ||
Ibaraki | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Ishikawa | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0.00255 | ||
Iwate | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0.00426 | ||
Kagoshima | 5 | 3 | 0.7 | 0.00102 | ||
Kanagawa | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0.00454 | ||
Kyoto | 10 | 5 | 0.756 | 0.00127 | ||
Mie | 5 | 4 | 0.9 | 0.00136 | ||
Miyagi | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0.0034 | ||
Nagasaki | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | ||
Saga | 7 | 4 | 0.857 | 0.00105 | ||
Shizuoka | 5 | 5 | 1 | 0.00221 | ||
Tokushima | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | ||
Yamanashi | 12 | 10 | 0.955 | 0.00253 | ||
Combined | 65 | 32 | 0.942 | 0.00238 | −29.707* | |
Serbia | Senta | 9 | 2 | 0.556 | 0.00095 | 2.302 |
Slovenia | Ljubljana | 15 | 3 | 0.514 | 0.00115 | 1.626 |
Austria | Vienna | 15 | 4 | 0.686 | 0.00206 | 1.84 |
Turkey | Arhavi | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
the USA | Maryland | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
West Virginia | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Combined | 24 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Georgia | Eki | 28 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Samegrelo | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Combined | 31 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Hungary | Budapest | 61 | 3 | 0.038 | 0 | |
Debrecen | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Pécs | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0.00085 | ||
Szeged | 2 | 2 | 0.5 | 0.00136 | ||
Szombathely | 11 | 3 | 0.345 | 0 | ||
Combined | 90 | 3 | 0.107 | 0.00028 | −0.195* | |
Italy | Codroipo (UD) | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Mantova | 2 | 1 | 0 | NA | ||
Pozzuolo del Friuli (UD) | 17 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Trentino Alto | 1 | 1 | NA | 0 | ||
Combined | 24 | 2 | 0.083 | 0.00014 | −0.192 | |
Romania | Bucharest | 23 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Chile | Santiago | 31 | 2 | 0.065 | −0.426 | |
Group A | 234 | 3 | 0.059 | 0.00045 | −1.174* | |
Group B | 39 | 5 | 0.63 | 0.00158 | 1.453 |