Table 1 Descriptive statistics for predicted methane emission (PME), PME per kg milk, PME per kg fat, and volatile fatty acids traits in Iranian Holstein cattle

PME (ml)

146

14819.88

8564–19315

2235.15

15.08

PME per kg milk (ml)

146

384.42

316.5–478

31.50

8.19

PME per kg fat (ml)

146

15390.92

8556–31503

3340.50

21.70

Milk estimated breeding value

150

870.22

− 1299.20-2475.05

903.41

103.81

Acetic acid (%)

146

53.71

44.39–60.02

3.15

5.87

Propionic acid (%)

146

22.37

17.10–29.23

2.40

10.74

Butyric acid (%)

146

16.42

12.28–21.66

1.73

10.56

Valeric acid (%)

147

3.24

1.53–6.16

0.60

19.97

Isovaleric acid (%)

147

4.25

2.12–9.57

1.39

32.77