No genetic erosion after five generations for Impatiens glandulifera populations across the invaded range in Europe

Table 1 Characteristics of all sampled Impatiens glandulifera populations

Study region/ Population	Lat (°N)	Lon (°E)	N_e	2011						2016
Study region/ Population	Lat (°N)	Lon (°E)	N_e	pop size	A	H_E	H_O	F_IS	%P	pop size	A	H_E	H_O	F_IS	%P
North France
Amiens 1^a	49.922	2.229	8.5	500–1000	1.4	0.19	0.12	0.368^**	44.4	200–500	1.6	0.13	0.15	−0.131	44.4
Amiens 2^a	50.014	2.036	5.6	500–1000	1.7	0.15	0.17	−0.106	55.6	100–200	1.7	0.16	0.16	−0.017	44.4
Belgium
Ghent 1^a	51.010	3.794	89.0	> 1000	1.9	0.25	0.20	0.216^**	77.8	> 1000	1.8	0.26	0.25	0.094	77.8
Ghent 2^b	50.884	3.929	52.7	> 1000	1.2	0.11	0.10	0.076	22.2	200–500	1.8	0.16	0.13	0.227^*	55.6
Germany
Bremen 1^a	53.130	8.786	32.0	> 1000	2.2	0.25	0.26	−0.019	77.8	100–200	1.9	0.24	0.25	−0.023	66.7
Bremen 2^b	53.164	8.753	162.2	> 1000	1.7	0.22	0.25	−0.128	55.6	500–1000	1.8	0.21	0.25	−0.172	66.7
South Sweden
Lund 1^a	55.994	12.800	13.3	100–200	2.1	0.14	0.09	0.380^***	66.7	50–100	1.8	0.17	0.16	0.124^(*)	66.7
Lund 2^a	55.977	12.820	4.7	500–1000	2.1	0.21	0.15	0.315^***	77.8	200–500	1.9	0.13	0.07	0.490^***	77.8
Central Sweden
Stockholm 1^a	59.163	18.168	35.7	200–500	2.0	0.26	0.24	0.128^(*)	66.7	100–200	2.1	0.24	0.19	0.237^**	77.8
Stockholm 2^b	59.409	17.860	41.9	500–1000	1.8	0.16	0.18	−0.136	55.6	200–500	1.7	0.17	0.20	−0.101	66.7
Central Norway
Trondheim 1^a	63.479	10.999	56.9	> 1000	1.8	0.23	0.17	0.285^**	77.8	200–500	2.0	0.28	0.19	0.389^***	88.9
Trondheim 2^a	63.477	10.964	10.5	> 1000	1.1	0.09	0.12	−0.420	22.2	200–500	1.4	0.14	0.16	−0.090	44.4
Trondheim 3^a	63.413	10.809	4.2	< 50	1.8	0.18	0.14	0.302^**	66.7	50–100	1.6	0.17	0.21	−0.215	44.4

Information about location, effective population size (Ne), actual population size (number of individuals), mean number of alleles (A), expected heterozygosity (H_E), observed heterozygosity (H_O), inbreeding coefficient (F_IS) and percentage of polymorphism (%P) for each population in both the 2011 and 2016 sampling year. Significance: ^(*): 0.10 ≥ P-value > 0.05; ^*: 0.05 ≥ P-value > 0.01; ^**: 0.01 ≥ P-value > 0.001; ^***: 0.001 ≥ P-value
^a2011 population information originates from the Hagenblad et al. [7] study
^b2011 population information obtained from new genetic analyses on stored leaf material

ISSN: 2730-6844