Table 2 Association of unweighted genetic risk score with metabolic and incretin levels in ADDTION-PRO cohort (N = 1324)

GRS (n)

0 (n = 708)

1(n = 523)

2(n = 93)

–

–

Gender (male/female)

375/333

269/254

48/45

−0.01 (− 0.05, 0.04)

0.222

Age, years

67.15(62.35–72.17)

65.94 (61.64–70.96)

66.12 (61.69–70.75)

− 0.79 (− 1.39, − 0.19)

0.005

BMI, kg/m²

26.88 (24.16–29.94)

26.35 (23.86–29.23)

27.73 (25.17–30.05)

− 0.16 (− 0.55, 0.24)

0.443

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

5.90 (5.56–6.40)

5.90 (5.56–6.37)

5.97 (5.56–6.47)

− 0.00 (− 0.07, 0.06)

0.848

Glucose 30 min (mmol/L)

9.22 (8.10–10.30)

9.02 (7.99–10.10)

9.12 (8.10–10.03)

− 0.09 (− 0.24, 0.05)

0.251

Glucose 120 min (mmol/L)

6.47 (5.25–7.99)

6.24 (5.25–7.60)

6.40 (5.20–7.70)

−0.07 (− 0.26, 0.12)

0.818

Glucose AUC_30min (mmol/L x min)

227.78 (205.50–247.6205)

224.73 (204.89–243.04)

226.26 (206.42–246.09)

− 1.35 (− 4.23, 1.53)

0.424

Glucose AUC_120min (mmol/L x min)

924.43 (828.73–1054.57)

915.71 (822.63–1030.16)

930.97 (818.05–1050.00)

−8.32 (− 23.67, 7.03)

0.364

Glucose iAUC_30min (mmol/L x min)

47.30 (36.62–61.04)

45.00 (33.00–59.51)

44.25 (35.09–56.46)

− 1.38 (− 3.11, 0.36)

0.123

Glucose iAUC_120min (mmol/L x min)

221.26 (141.00–306.71)

205.50 (129.00–296.03)

212.11 (131.23–306.00)

−8.14 (− 19.59, 3.32)

0.206

Fasting Insulin (pmol/L)

39 (25–59)

35 (25–50)

38 (23–58)

− 3.77 (− 6.36, − 1.18)

0.004

Insulin 30 min (pmol/L)

223 (153–334)

213 (144.5–292.5)

227 (144–335)

− 8.16 (− 23.59, 7.27)

0.255

Insulin 120 min (pmol/L)

190 (115–328.5)

175 (105.5–299.5)

211 (112–294)

− 5.05 (− 26.61, 16.51)

0.460

Insulin AUC_30min (pmol/L x min)

4020.0 (2722.5–5842.5)

3750.0 (2602.5–5197.5)

3930 (2535–5790)

− 173.04 (− 422.51, 76.43)

0.152

Insulin AUC_120min (pmol/L x min)

23,535.0 (16,252.5–33,592.5)

21,832.5 (14,985.0–32,415.0)

22,080.0 (17,055.0–37,785.0)

− 727.72 (− 2335.91, 880.47)

0.202

Insulin iAUC_30min (pmol/L x min)

2685.0 (1755.0–4132.5)

2535.0 (1680.0–3577.5)

2700 (1770–4260)

−68.56 (− 287.60, 150.49)

0.551

Insulin iAUC_120min (pmol/L x min)

19,215.0 (12,570.0–26,977.5)

17,572.5 (11,700.0–26,505.0)

17,505.0 (13,020.0–27,840.0)

− 309.86 (− 1765.61, 1145.89)

0.408

Fasting GLP1 (pmol/L)

12 (8–16)

12 (9–16)

12 (9–15.5)

− 0.03 (− 0.55, 0.49)

0.846

GLP1 30 min (pmol/L)

27 (19–41)

27 (19–38)

28 (20–38.5)

− 1.16 (− 3.59, 1.28)

0.562

GLP1 120 min (pmol/L)

20 (14–27)

19 (14–27)

21 (16–25)

0.15 (− 1.05, 1.36)

0.989

GLP1 AUC_30min, pmol/L x min

615 (450–825)

600 (435–795)

645 (450–810)

− 0.87 (− 3.06, 1.37)

0.443

GLP1 AUC_120min (pmol/L x min)

2775 (2070–3825)

2715 (1980–3667.5)

2835 (2175–3825)

− 0.62 (− 2.65, 1.44)

0.551

GLP1 iAUC_30min (pmol/L x min)

225 (120–420)

210 (120–360)

225 (120–405)

− 17.25 (− 52.33, 17.83)

0.946

GLP1 iAUC_120min (pmol/L x min)

1305 (735–2310)

1200 (750–2077.5)

1387.5 (810–2055)

−59.67 (− 230.38, 111.04)

0.929

Fasting GIP (pmol/L)

9 (7–12)

9 (6–12)

8 (6–11)

−0.60 (− 1.16, − 0.04)

0.041

GIP 30 min (pmol/L)

51 (38–66)

47 (36–64)

48 (36–61)

− 1.96 (− 4.10, 0.19)

0.044

GIP 120 min (pmol/L)

45 (33–59)

44 (33–59)

45 (32–60)

0.06 (− 1.78, 1.89)

0.958

GIP AUC_30min (pmol/L)

900 (697.5–1170)

840 (660–1125)

855 (645–1080)

− 1.77 (− 3.37, − 0.14)

0.033

GIP AUC_120min (pmol/L x min)

5280 (4035–6675)

4957.5 (3915–6532.5)

5055 (3960–6345)

− 1.08 (− 2.58, 0.45)

0.165

GIP iAUC_30min (pmol/L x min)

615 (435–840)

585 (420–780)

585 (390–750)

−19.21 (− 49.69, 11.27)

0.215

GIP iAUC_120min (pmol/L x min)

4050 (2970–5407.5)

3960 (2895–5212.5)

3960 (3000–5025)

−52.62 (− 233.80, 128.57)

0.527

Fasting glucagon (pmol/L)

10 (7–14)

9 (7–13)

9 (6–13.5)

−1.08 (− 1.78, − 0.38)

0.005

Glucagon 30 min (pmol/L)

9 (6–12)

8 (6–11)

8.5 (6.0–12.0)

−0.69 (− 1.37, − 0.02)

0. 056

Glucagon 120 min (pmol/L)

6 (4–8)

5 (4–7)

6 (4–8)

− 0.36 (− 0.79, 0.07)

0.229

Glucagon AUC_30min (pmol/L x min)

285 (210–390)

255 (195–360)

270 (195–375)

−2.27 (− 4.21, − 0.29)

0.025

Glucagon AUC_120min (pmol/L x min)

930 (690–1335)

855 (630–1185)

915 (630–1215)

− 1.85 (− 3.78, 0.12)

0.066

Glucagon iAUC_30min (pmol/L x min)

−15 (−45–0)

− 15 (− 45–15)

0 (− 45–30)

6.32 (0.87, 11.77)

0.011

Glucagon iAUC_120min (pmol/L x min)

−255 (− 510 - -67.5)

− 240 (− 442.5 - -45)

− 135 (− 420–30)

57.86 (18.95, 96.76)

0.003