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Table 4 Difference between concordance using PLINK clustering for one or two steps of imputation (directly from low density or low to medium to high) compared to using all animals in the reference population per breed and proportion of animals with improved accuracy for different imputation reference populations

From: Novel methods for genotype imputation to whole-genome sequence and a simple linear model to predict imputation accuracy

Breed

PLINK (1 step) average change in accuracy after clustering

PLINK (1 step) Proportion of individuals in group with improved accuracy

PLINK (2 steps) average change in accuracy after clustering

PLINK (2 steps) Proportion of individuals in group with improved accuracy

Alberta Composite

0.035

0.714

0.004

0.714

Angus

0.005

0.727

0.004

0.727

Red Angus

0.000

0.000

0.00

0.400

Ayrshire

−0.001

0.800

−0.002

1.000

BeefBooster

0.005

0.000

0.022

0.000

Brown Swiss

0.021

0.917

0.020

0.917

Charolais

0.060

0.500

0.062

0.000

Gelbvieh

0.001

1.000

0.044

1.000

Guelph Composite

0.000

0.200

0.003

0.200

Hereford

0.000

0.429

0.002

0.286

Holstein

−0.007

0.500

−0.005

0.362

Red and White Holstein

0.001

0.250

0.005

0.000

Jersey

−0.014

0.833

−0.016

1.000

Limousin

0.054

0.667

0.063

0.500

Montbeliarde

−0.012

0.833

−0.003

1.000

Normande

−0.001

1.000

−0.002

1.000

Simmental

−0.028

0.500

−0.026

0.568