Fig. 1

Polymorphism patterns in Exon 19 of the VGSC gene. a Detection of a CTG (top) to CGG (bottom) mutation inducing a L-to-R (arginine) amino acid change at codon 928 located in the IIS5 transmembrane segment. b Pyrosequencing chromatogram of L928R genotyping showing the CTG allele (c) Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the 841 bp fragment spanning exon 19 showing a lack of correlation between haplotypes and resistance phenotype. Samples with A are those alive (resistant) after 1 h exposure to permethrin whereas those with D, are those dead (susceptible)