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Table 4 Most commonly identified differentially methylated genes and related systems in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder studies

From: DNA methylation in peripheral tissue of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a systematic review

Summary

Genetic loci

Results

Gene expression status

Group

Loci

References

 

Candidate loci

Global DNA

  

Serotonin

[49]

5-HTR1A

a

    

-

SZ, BD

 

[51]

HTR1A

   

c, a

 

Decrease (in SZ)

SZ, BD

 

[50]

HTR2A

  

d

  

Increase (SZ & BD)

SZ, BD

 

[48]

SLC6A4

   

c

 

Decrease (S/S genotype only)

BD

 

[37]

HTR1E

   

c

 

-

SZ

 

[34]

5-HTT

    

d

-

SZ

Glutamate

[21]

GRIA2

   

c

 

-

SZ

 

[29]

GMR2

GMR5

GMR8

GRIA3

a

    

Increase (GRM2, GRM5 & GRIA3 only)

SZ

BDNF

[44]

BDNF exon 1 promoter

a

    

-

BD-II

 

[45]

 

a

    

Decrease (BD-II only)

BD-II

 

[43]

   

d

  

-

BD

 

[25]

BDNF promoter I

a

    

-

SZ

 

[30]

BDNF promoter

   

c

 

Increase

SZ

 

[25]

BDNF promoter IV

  

d

  

-

SZ

Dopamine

[30]

DAT1

a

    

No difference

SZ

 

[37]

SLC6A3

 

b

   

-

SZ

 

[27]

SLC18A2

   

c

 

-

SZ

COMT

[52]

MB-COMT

 

b

   

Increase (SZ & BD)

SZ, BD

 

[34]

S-COMT

a

    

-

SZ

 

[51]

COMT

   

c, b

 

-

SZ, BD

 

[37]

COMTD1 promoter

   

c

 

-

SZ

 

[36]

S-COMT promoter

  

d

  

-

SZ

RELN

[20]

RELN intron 1

   

c

 

-

SZ

 

[21]

RELN promoter

  

d

  

-

SZ

  1. SZ schizophrenia; BD bipolar disorder; 5-HTR1A 5-hydroxytryptamine serotonin 1A receptor; HTR2A 5-hydroxytryptamine serotonin 2A receptor; SLC6A4 serotonin transporter solute carrier family 6 member 4; HTR1E 5-hydroxytryptamine serotonin receptor 1E G protein-coupled; 5-HTT serotonin neurotransmitter transporter; GRIA2 glutamate receptor ionotropic alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid 2; GMR2 glutamate metabotrophic receptor 2; GMR5 glutamate metabotrophic receptor 5; GMR8 glutamate metabotrophic receptor 8; GRIA3 glutamate receptor ionotrophic alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid 3; BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor; DAT1 dopamine active transporter 1; SLC6A3 solute carrier family 6 transporter member 3; SLC18A2 vesicular monoamine transporter 2; MB-COMT membrane-bound catechol-O-methyltransferase; S-COMT soluble catechol-O-methyltransferase; COMTD1 catechol-O-methyltransferase domain containing 1; RELN reelin
  2. Key
  3. Hyper-methylation: a
  4. Hypo-methylation: b
  5. Differential methylation: c
  6. No difference in methylation: d