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Table 3 Results obtained on G2 Muscovy offspring. Statistical significance of the effects of grand-maternal (GM) diet, sex and GM diet by sex interaction on traits of G2 Muscovy offspring, and least square means (± SE) of GM dieta, given by sex in case of interaction

From: Influence of grand-mother diet on offspring performances through the male line in Muscovy duck

 

N

GM diet

Sex

Diet x sex

Met-deficient

Control

Growth traits

      

 Body weight, 4 weeks

72

+

***

ns

1421 ± 20

1468 ± 20

 Body weight, 8 weeks

70

ns

***

ns

3530 ± 36

3560 ± 34

 Body weight, 12 weeks

72

+

***

*

4112 ± 43

4221 ± 41

  “: males

37

   

5269 ± 60b

5501 ± 59a

  “: females

35

   

2955 ± 61

2941 ± 60

 Weight gain, 4-8weeks

70

Ns

***

*

  

  “: males

36

   

2678 ± 37a

2596 ± 36b

  “: females

34

   

1525 ± 38

1589 ± 37

 Weight gain, 8-12weeks

70

*

***

***

574 ± 34b

660 ± 32a

  “: males

36

   

921 ± 50b

1202 ± 49a

  “: females

34

   

227 ± 51a

119 ± 50b

 Weight gain, 4-12weeks

72

Ns

****

*

  

  “: males

37

   

3609 ± 55b

3798 ± 54a

  “: females

35

   

1772 ± 57

1708 ± 55

Force-feeding (FF) traits

      

 Weight gain during FF

70

ns

***

ns

1132 ± 30

1153 ± 30

 Body weight, 14 weeks (end FF)

70

*

***

ns

5244 ± 51b

5390 ± 51a

Carcass traits

      

 Carcass weight (CW)

71

*

***

ns

  

 Magretb weight

71

ns

***

ns

437 ± 5b

452 ± 5a

 Ratio (magret/carcass)

71

ns

*

ns

  

 Magret muscle weight

71

ns

***

ns

  

 Ratio (fat + skin/magret)

71

ns

ns

ns

  

 Abdominal fat weight (AF)

71

ns

***

ns

154 ± 5

154 ± 5

 Ratio AF/CW %

71

 

**

ns

3.29 ± 0.10

3.18 ± 0.10

 Liver weight (LW)

71

+

***

ns

479 ± 12

451 ± 12

 Ratio (LW/CW)

71

*

***

ns

10.3 ± 0.2a

9.6 ± 0.2b

Blood metabolites

71

     

 Glucose mid-FF (g/L)

71

ns

ns

ns

  

 Glucose end-FF (g/L)

71

ns

*

ns

  

 Triglycerides mid-FF (g/L)

71

**

***

**

0.41 ± 0.02a

0.33 ± 0.02b

  “: males

37

   

0.32 ± 0.02

0.31 ± 0.02

  “: females

34

   

0.50 ± 0.02a

0.35 ± 0.02b

 Triglycerides end-FF (g/L)

70

*

+

ns

0.59 ± 0.06a

0.40 ± 0.06b

  1. aLeast square means of GM diets are given for traits showing an effect of GM diet (P < 0.10) and also for traits showing a significant GM effect in the mule duck progeny (P < 0.05)
  2. b“Magret” is the Pectoralis major with skin of a force-fed duck; FF = Force Feding
  3. ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05; +P < 0.10; ns: not significant. a,b Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly at P < 0.05