Genetic affinities among the lower castes and tribal groups of India: inference from Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA

Table 4 Frequencies of different Y biallelic markers among the upper caste, lower caste and tribal populations of India. (Total share in percentage is given in brackets)

			Y SNP based major haplogr oups
Group	Populations	N	L (M11, M20, M27)	J (M172, M67)	R (M207, M17, M124)	F* (M89)	H (M52, M69, M82)	O (M175 M122, M95)
Indian Upper Castes	Brahmin^b	403	0.16 (39)	0.14 (47)	0.44 (48)	0.05 (8)	0.09 (14)	0.02 (12)
	Konka^d
	Khathriya^b
	Sourashtra^e
	Punjab^d
	Vizag- Brahmins^f
	Peruru- Brahmins^f
	Kammas^f
Indian Lower Castes	Bahelia^b	374	0.18 (44)	0.07 (23)	0.22 (24)	0.13 (52)	0.25 (39)	0.06 (35)
	Kallar^e
	Lower
	Manghi^b
	Telega^b
	Yadhva^e
Indian Tribes	Andh^a	508	0.07 (17)	0.09 (30)	0.26 (28)	0.10 (40)	0.30 (47)	0.09 (53)
	Bagata^f
	Chenchu^d
	Koraga^c
	Koya^d
	Lambadi^d
	Naikpod^a
	Pardhan^a
	Paroja^f
	Valmiki^f
	Yerava^c

a- present study, b- unpublished data, c- [5], d- [4], e- [44], f – [45]. N = total number of samples

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