|
Variables
|
Smokers (n = 185)
|
Never-smokers (n = 175)
|
χ2/F/Ψ
|
df
|
pvalue
|
|---|
|
Age (mean ± SD)
|
48.7 (±10.5)
|
45.7 (±7.7)
|
9.78
|
1/358
|
p < 0.002
|
|
Gender Female/male
|
119/66
|
120/55
|
0.73
|
1
|
0.394
|
|
Self-reported ethnicity
| | | | | |
|
Caucasian
|
129
|
119
|
3.55
|
1
|
0.315
|
|
African
|
19
|
17
| | | |
|
Asian
|
5
|
12
| | | |
|
Others
|
32
|
27
| | | |
|
Years of education
|
9.64 (±5.38)
|
15.98 (±4.94)
|
135.78
|
1/358
|
p < 0. <0.001
|
|
Employment status
| | | | | |
|
Employed or student versus unemployed or disability support
|
155/30
|
175/0
|
0.293
|
-
|
<0.001
|
|
Stable relationship versus other
| | | | |
Pp0 0.109
|
|
Marital status
|
113/72
|
121/54
|
2.57
|
1
| |
|
BMI (kg/m
2
)
|
26.6 (±5.9)
|
26.5 (±4.2)
|
0.20
|
1/358
|
0.887
|
|
Mood disorders Yes/no
|
95/90
|
62/113
|
9.27
|
1
|
0.002
|
|
ASSIST sedative use risk Yes/no
|
14/171
|
0/175
|
0.196
|
-
|
<0.001
|
|
ASSIST alcohol use risk Yes/no
|
33/152
|
0/175
|
0.309
|
-
|
<0.001
|
|
ASSIST ALL Yes/no
|
44/141
|
0/175
|
0.363
|
-
|
<0.001
|
- Results of analyses of variance (ANOVAS: age, BMI), χ2 test (ethnicity, gender, marital status, mood disorders) or Fisher exact probability test (employment status, all ASSIST ratings).
- Results are shown as mean ± SD.
- BMI: Body Mass Index.
- ASSIST: Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test.
- ASSIST ALL: sedative or alcohol use risk.
