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Table 2 Differences between male and female hop plants for growth traits

From: Quantitative genetic parameters for yield, plant growth and cone chemical traits in hop (Humulus lupulusL.)

Trait

Age (months)

nfemale plants

Female plants mean ± SD

nmale plants

Male plants mean ± SD

P value

Number of shoots

11

671

5.51 ± 4.92

378

5.50 ± 4.33

NS

 

24

671

6.49 ± 6.15

378

9.06 ± 6.51

P < 0.0001

Length of the longest shoot

11

606

51.15 ± 33.79

359

51.84 ± 31.32

NS

 

24

496

10.79 ± 10.66

327

13.21 ± 12.05

P < 0.005

Number of nodes on the longest shoot

11

606

7.04 ± 2.44

359

7.21 ± 2.44

NS

 

24

496

2.80 ± 1.76

327

3.28 ± 1.90

P < 0.0005

Height (at flower initiation)

13

670

3.74 ± 1.29

376

3.58 ± 1.13

P < 0.05

 

25

669

5.15 ± 1.00

378

5.03 ± 0.87

P < 0.05

Height (mid-season)

14

624

4.71 ± 1.43

352

3.99 ± 1.17

P < 0.0001

 

26

669

5.87 ± 0.46

378

5.34 ± 0.80

P < 0.0001

Height (at cone maturity)

16

666

4.77 ± 0.79

376

4.10 ± 0.90

P < 0.0001

 

28

663

4.79 ± 0.76

376

4.18 ± 0.70

P < 0.0001

Lateral length

16

650

50.12 ± 26.57

362

44.80 ± 21.37

P < 0.0005

 

28

649

44.65 ± 29.02

333

45.12 ± 20.90

NS

Nodes on lateral

16

650

6.73 ± 3.89

356

6.01 ± 2.41

P < 0.0005

 

28

650

6.81 ± 3.41

357

6.08 ± 2.77

P < 0.0005

Internode length

16

152

17.53 ± 4.21

79

17.19 ± 4.88

NS

 

28

228

28.04 ± 23.16

111

24.46 ± 18.31

NS

  1. Each trait was assessed in two seasons of plant growth; 'Age’ refers to the age of the plants at the time that each trait was assessed after the trial was planted. 'Female plants n’ refers to the number of female plants assessed for each trait. 'Female plants mean ± SD’ refers to the phenotypic mean and standard deviation of all female plants for each trait. 'Male plants n’ refers to the number of male plants assessed for each trait. 'Male plants mean ± SD’ refers to the phenotypic mean and standard deviation of all male plants for each trait. 'P value’ refers to the significance of similarity between phenotypic variances of female and male plants.