Trypanotolerance in N’Dama x Boran crosses under natural trypanosome challenge: effect of test-year environment, gender, and breed composition

Orenge, Caleb O; Munga, Leonard; Kimwele, Charles N; Kemp, Steve; Korol, Abraham; Gibson, John P; Hanotte, Olivier; Soller, Morris

doi:10.1186/1471-2156-13-87

Table 6 Traits analyzed and their definitions and mode of calculation

From: Trypanotolerance in N’Dama x Boran crosses under natural trypanosome challenge: effect of test-year environment, gender, and breed composition

No^a	G^b	T^c	ACR^d	Definition	Mode of calculation
1	NR^k	NR^k	WIC	Total weeks sampled	Total number of weeks sampled over the entire challenge period, according to batch number
2	P^e	L	STR	Total observed parasitemia detections	Total number of observed weekly positive parasitemia detections over entire challenge period.
3	P^e	L	STRTV	Total observed T. vivax detections	Total number of observed positive T. vivax detections over entire challenge period.
4	P^e	L	STRTC	Total observed T. congolense detections	Total number of observed positive T congolense detections over entire challenge period.
5	P^e	L	TPS	Sum of parasitemic scores	Sum of all parasitemic scores over the entire challenge period
6	P^e	L	MPAR	Mean parasitemic score	TPS/STR
7	P^e	L	%PARD	Percentage of weeks animal parasitemic	100*STR/WIC
8	P^e	L	NINF	Number of infection cycles	Total number of infection cycles, defined as number of new infections following initial exposure or treatment.
9	T^f	L	NT	Number of treatments	Total number of treatments. If after first treatment PCV was still <18%, the animal was given a second treatment and this was counted as two treatments.
10	T^f	L	NT1	Number of treatments when PCV <18%	Total No. of treatments given when PCV <18%
11	T^f	H	NIT	Proportion of non-treated parasitemia detections	(STR-NT)/STR
12	T^f	L	MNT	Mean treatments per week	NT/WIC
13	T^f	L	MNTI	Mean treatments per week when PCV<18%	NT1/WIC
14	IC^1,g	H	DF1	Days from exposure to first infection	No. of days from date animal is first exposed to tsetse challenge to date of first parasitemia detection
15	IC^1,g	H	DT1	Days from first infection to first treatment for that infection	No. of days from date of first parasitemia detection to date of first treatment for that infection (in some cases a second treatment was needed to control the infection).
16	IC^1,g	H	DC1A	Length of first infection cycle, counting from exposure to treatment	DF1+DT1; This is length of first infection cycle counting from exposure to treatment.
17	IC^1,g	H	DF2	Days from first treatment to second infection	No. of days from date animal is first treated for first infection to date of second parasitemia detection (i.e., first parasitemia detection after final treatment for first infection).
18	IC^1,g	H	DC1B	Length of first infection cycle counting from first infection	DT1+DF2; This is length of first infection cycle counting from first infection to second infection (after treatment for first infection).
19	IC^1,g	H	DT2	Days from second infection to treatment for that infection	No of days from second parasitemia detection to first treatment for that infection.
20	IC^1,g	H	DC2A	Length of second infection cycle, counting from first treatment for first infection to first treatment for second infection.	DF2+DT2
21	IC^1,g	H	DC12	Total length of first two infection cycles counting from exposure through first treatment for second infection.	DF1+DT1+DF2+DT2 = DC1A+DC2A
22	PC^h	NR^k	PCI	Initial PCV	Mean PCV of animal before challenge
23	PC^h	H	MPC	Mean PCV	Mean PCV of animal during the entire challenge period
24	PC^h	H	MXPC	Maximum PCV	Maximum PCV of animal during the entire challenge period
25	PC^h	H	MNPC	Minimum PCV	Minimum PCV of animal during the entire challenge period
26	PC^h	H	PCSR	PCV at first screening	PCV of animal when first screened
27	PC^h	H	PCF1	PCV at first infection	PCV of animal at first parasitemic detection
28	PC^h	H	PCT1	PCV at the first treatment	PCV of animal when first treated after first detection of parasitemia
29	PC^h	H	PCF2	PCV at the second infection	PCV of animal when infected for second time
30	PC^h	H	PCT2	PCV at second treatment	PCV of animal when treated after second infection
31	PC^h	H²	PCIF1	PCV change from before exposure to PCV at first infection	PCF1-PCI
32	PC^h	H²	PCF1T1	PCV change from first infection to PCV at first treatment	PCT1-PCF1
33	PC^h	H²	PCIT1	PCV change from before exposure to PCV at first treatment	PCT1-PCI
34	PC^h	L,H³	PCT1F2	PCV change from first treatment to second infection	PCF2- PCT1
35	WTⁱ	NR^k,4	WTI	Initial body weight	Mean of body weight of animal before challenge (within a month before exposure)
36	WTⁱ	NR^k,4	MWT	Mean body weight	Mean of body weight of animal during entire challenge period
37	WTⁱ	NR^k,4	MXWT	Maximum body weight	Maximum body weight during the entire challenge period
38	WTⁱ	NR^k,4	MNWT	Minimum body weight	Minimum body weight during the entire challenge period
39	WTⁱ	NR^k,4	WTF1	Body weight at time of first infection	Body weight of animal at time of first parasitemia detection after initial exposure
40	WTⁱ	NR^k,4	WTT1	Body weight at first treatment	Body weight of animal at first treatment
41	WTⁱ	NR^k,4	WTF2	Body weight at second infection	Body weight of animal at second infection (i.e., at first parasitemia detection after first treatment)
42	WTⁱ	NR^k,4	WTE	Body weight at end of challenge period	Body weight of the animal in the last month of tsetse challenge period
43	WTC^j	H²	WTIF1	Body weight change from initial body weight to first infection	WTF1 - WTI
44	WTC^j	H²	WTIT1	Body weight change from initial body weight to weight at first treatment	WTT1 - WTI
45	WTC^j	NR^k,4	WTC	Mean Body weight change during challenge period	MWT - WTI
46	WTC^j	NR^k,4	WTC-W	Mean Body weight change per week during challenge	(WTC)/WIC
47	WTC^j	H²	WTF1T1	Body weight change from first infection to first treatment	WTT1 – WTF1
48	WTC^j	H²	WTT1F2	Body weight change from first treatment to second infection	WTF2 - WTT1
49	WTC^j	H	WT1E	Body weight changefrom start to end of challenge period	WTE – WT1

^atrait number; ^btrait group; ^cdirection of effect on trypanotolerance, i.e., whether high (H) or low (L) trait value is associated with greater trypanotolerance; ^dtrait acronym. Trait groups: ^e parasitemia; ^ftreatments; ^ginfection cycles; ^hPCV; ⁱbody weight; ^jbody weight change; ^knot primarily related to trypanotolerance.
¹ First infection cycle counted from first detection of parasitemia after initial exposure to challenge to treatment of first infection; second infection cycle counted from first detection of parasitemia after treatment of first infection to treatment for second infection; third infection cycle counted from first detection of parasitemia after treatment for second infection, to treatment for third infection, and so on. If challenge period ended after infection but before treatment, this was counted as a complete infection cycle.
²Change generally negative. Therefore, a high algebraic value (i.e., small negative-value) means greater trypanotolerance, a low algebraic value (large negative-value) means lower trypanotolerance.
³ If the animal is susceptible there will be a large drop from infection to treatment, and hence a large bounce back after treatment. If the animal is tolerant, there will be a lower drop from infection to treatment (although still PCV <18%) and hence not so large a bounce back after treatment. Thus, a low value means greater trypanotolerance. However, it could also go the other way – following treatment a susceptible animal may not recover to the same extent as a tolerant animal.
⁴Traits 35 to 42, and 45, 46 are considered to be primarily affected by variation in body weight due to segregation of body weight QTL derived from the Boran and N’Dama, rather than by trypanotolerance QTL.

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