Figure 4

Evidence for population growth. Joint posterior density plots for the α₁ and α₂ parameters for four different data sets: A) simulated data set A, B) Africa-Asia, C) Africa-Europe, and D) Africa-Oceania. The dashed line plots the case of α₁ = α₂, which is indicative of no recent population growth. In panel A, the posterior density for the simulated bottleneck data lies below the dashed line, supporting recent population growth. However, in the other three panels representing the empirical resequence data of [14], the joint posterior density lies within the one-to-one region, suggesting a lack of evidence for recent population growth.