Figure 1From: Disentangling molecular relationships with a causal inference testEstimated distributions of the test statistic, Z *, under the null for the equivalence test of conditional independence between the locus and the trait. An additive effect for a single biallelic locus under a simple independence model was simulated for both the gene and the trait under normally distributed errors. Minor allele frequency = .2. Sample size = 1000. B = 500.Back to article page